Indlela yezithako zokuvavanya umlilo

Indlela yokudibanisa ye-assay kufuneka imiselwe ngokobume besampuli, kwaye inani lee-reagents ezahlukeneyo ezongeziweyo kufuneka zibalwe ngokoluhlu olufunekayo lwe-asilic acidity.Inkqubo yokusebenza kukugcwalisa ifom, kwaye emva koko ulinganise i-reagents. kunye neesampuli ngokulandelelana, uzibeke kwi-crucible kwaye ugxobhoze i-reagents kunye neesampuli nge-spoon ephazamisayo, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ugubungele i-crucible ukwenza amaqhekeza amancinci afakwe eludongeni lwangaphakathi lwe-crucible.

Ukuba iqulethe i-sulfure, faka izikhonkwane zentsimbi ezifunekayo kwaye ungeze uluhlu lwe-ejenti yokugubungela. Xa ukushisa kwesithando sombane kuphakama ukuya kwi-800 ° C, i-crucible kunye nezixhobo zifakwa kwisithando somlilo, kwaye izinga lokushisa lomlilo linyuka ukuya kwi-1150 ° C phakathi kwe-1 ukuya kwii-1.5 iiyure, kwaye ukushisa kwesithando somlilo kugcinwe imizuzu eyi-10.

Ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi, indlela yokuvavanya izithako zegolide nayo yahlukile. Ngokohlobo lwe-ore kunye nezithako, kukho iindlela ezintathu zezithako kwi-crucible melting method: indlela yomgubo, indlela ye-sodium nitrate-coke okanye indlela ye-iron nail, indlela ye-saltpeter.

1. Indlela yomgubo yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Xa isampuli ngokwayo ingenawo okanye iphantsi kakhulu amandla okunciphisa, umgubo kufuneka wongezwe njenge-arhente yokunciphisa. Le ndlela ineenzuzo ezininzi. Inokulawula ubungakanani beqhosha elikhokelayo. Inoluhlu olubanzi lweeminerali ezisebenzayo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye zifanelekile i-silicate ore, i-carbonate ore kunye ne-oxide ore. Intsimbi ekrwada eyosiweyo emva kokuba intsimbi ekrwada yesulfide igcajelwe ukususa isulfure nayo ingasetyenziswa kule ndlela.

Iimfuno zokudityaniswa kweesampulu ezisekwe kwi-silicate ore zezi:

(1) I-asilic acidity ye-slag yi-1.5-20;

(2) Ubunzima be-30-50g yesampuli;

(3) Yongeza i-sodium carbonate njengesixa sesampuli;

(4) Isixa se-borax eyongeziweyo yi-0.2 ukuya ku-0.3 amaxesha inani lesampulu;

(5) Ubungakanani beoxide yelothe akufanele bube ngaphantsi kwe-30g yobunzima beqhosha lelothe.

(6) Ubungakanani bomgubo kufuneka bulingane nama-30-(ubungakanani besampulu × amandla okunciphisa isampulu) /12.

I-oxide ore kunye ne-carbonate ziiminerali ze-alkaline, kwaye indlela yazo yokudibanisa ifana ngokusisiseko naleyo yeesampuli ze-silicate. Umahluko kukuba iimveliso emva kokunyibilika zizinto ezininzi ze-alkaline ezifana ne-CaO, MgO, FeO, ngoko ke inani elikhulu le-SiO2 kufuneka longezwe Nangona kunjalo, ukushisa okunyibilikayo kweFe SiO2, MgSiO2, kunye neCaSiO2 kuphezulu. Isixa se-PbO kufuneka sinyuswe kwizithako zokwandisa ukubunjwa kwe-PbSiO2 kwi-slag kunye nokunciphisa ukushisa okunyibilikayo.

2. Indlela yentsimbi yesikhonkwane (indlela ye-sodium nitrate-coke) Indlela ye-iron nail ayifanelekanga kwi-ore ye-sulfide equkethe ubhedu oluninzi, i-nickel, i-arsenic kunye ne-antimony, kodwa ingasetyenziselwa kuphela i-medium galena (PbS) kunye ne-sphalerite Umgaqo osisiseko weesampuli ze (ZnS) kunye nepyrite (FeS2) kukusebenzisa intsimbi yesinyithi njenge-arhente ephelisa isulfurizing ukubola isulfide kwisampulu, kwaye yenze i-FeS kunye nesulfide, kwaye isebenzise i-FeS okanye i-Fe(Ⅱ)-Na- Uhlobo lwe-S lungena kwi-slag, kunye isikhonkwane se-iron sikwasebenza njenge-arhente yokunciphisa, ukunciphisa i-oxide yelothe kwilothe yesinyithi, kunye nokubambisa iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo. Ukuba isampuli iqukethe ubhedu, i-nickel, i-arsenic, i-antimony, i-bismuth kunye nezinye izinyithi kumyalelo wokunciphisa ngaphambi kwentsimbi, isinyithi siya kuncitshiswa sibe yintsimbi, faka iqhosha elikhokelayo, kwaye wenze i-alloy nge-lead. Ngoko le ndlela ayifanelekanga kwiisampuli ezinjalo.

Umgaqo wezithako zendlela yesikhonkwane:

(1) I-asilic acidity ye-slag etyhidiweyo yi-0.5;

(2) Ubungakanani be-sodium carbonate yi-2 ukuya kwi-3 amaxesha esampula;

(3) Ubungakanani be-oxide yelothe yi-30 ukuya kwi-35 g;

(4) ) Isixa se-borax esongeziweyo yi-1/2 ukuya kwi-1/3 yesampulu yesampulu;

(5) Isixa sesampuli yi-20 ukuya kwi-30g.

I-3.Indlela ye-Saltpetre yindlela yokuxutywa yokucubungula iisampuli ezinamandla okunciphisa amandla. I-oxidation ye-nitrate ye-potassium isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa amandla okunciphisa kwisampuli, ukuze ufumane iqhosha elikhokelayo elinobunzima obufanelekileyo, ukwenzela ukuba umphumo wokubamba iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ulungile.

Umgaqo wezithako wendlela ye-saltpeter:

(1) Amandla okunciphisa isampuli kufuneka alinganiswe ngaphambi kokuba izithako zigqibe inani le-nitrate ye-potassium eyongeziweyo. I-Saltpeter akufanele idlule kwi-25g.

(2) Umthamo opheleleyo wezinto eziphathekayo emva kokubethelwa awudluli i-2/3 yomthamo we-crucible, kwaye kulula ukugqithisa xa ugcwele kwaye uncibilikile.

3

4 Amandla okunciphisa ngaphezu kwe-30 ngamaxesha angama-12, kwaye amandla okunciphisa ngaphantsi kwe-30 ngamaxesha angama-14.

(5) Umthamo weboraksi awukho ngaphantsi kwe-5g.

(6) Ukuze uchithe ngokupheleleyo i-sulfure kwisampuli, yongeza i-sodium carbonate ubuncinane ilingana nesamba sesampuli, kwaye ungeze i-1/4 yesixa se-nitrate ye-potassium.

Kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa indlela yokubala ukwenza izithako kumsebenzi wokuvavanya, kodwa kumsebenzi wangempela, kudla ngokuba nzima ukwazi umxholo wokuqulunqwa kwesampulu ethunyelwe, efuna ukuba siyichonge ngokuqwalasela kwamehlo kunye namava. Kuqala jonga umbala kunye nomgangatho wesampulu, misela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwentsimbi ekrwada, kwaye wenze isigqibo malunga nokuba yeyiphi indlela yokuvavanya.