Cupel is a kind of porous refractory ware used to absorb lead oxide (or bismuth oxide) when ash blowing lead buckle (or bismuth buckle). During ash blowing, lead is oxidized to lead monoxide (PbO), most of which is absorbed by the ash dish. Gold, silver, platinum, and other precious metals form aggregates in the cupel, which are then used to determine their precious metal content. Cupel are usually made of magnesium oxide, ashes, Portland cement and other materials. In the gold and silver test, typical ash blast furnace temperatures are 900 to 1000°C, but can vary with technology, air flow, and ash dish material. Cupel is the last and most important step in the process of gold testing by fire. Therefore, the quality of the grey dish is extremely important.
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